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| Series I. Projects related to housing and urban redevelopment, 1947-1998,
undated
3 Linear
Feet
(6 boxes)
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Series I.A. Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, 1948-1997,
undated
1.5 Linear
Feet
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Leonard Nadel photographs for the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles,
1948-1997
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The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) was established in 1938 by
City of Los Angeles Resolution No. 1241. HACLA is one of the oldest public housing
authorities in the United States, and currently one of the largest. Agencies such as
HACLA grew out of the federal Housing Act of 1937 (P.L. 75-412). Under the terms of
the act, public housing was to be built and owned by state-chartered and locally
governed public housing authorities (PHAs). While public housing was built with
federal funding, it was meant to be sustained by tenant rents, which meant that tenant
income levels had to be high enough to cover the rents charged. However, there was a
cap on tenant income to keep public housing from competing with the private market.
Nevertheless, the populations of early public housing developments were frequently
made up of white working-class or middle-class families. The Housing Act also
stipulated that an unsafe or unsanitary housing unit had to be eliminated for each new
unit built. This provision gave rise to the practice that became known as "slum
clearance."
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In 1940, the Lanham Act stopped the building of low-rent of public housing in order
to create housing for defense workers, and also gave such workers priority for
existing public housing units. The Housing Act of 1949 (P.L. 81-171) resumed the
low-rent public housing program. While the resultant federal policy goal was to
provide "a decent home and suitable living environment for every American family," it
also authorized the Urban Renewal program which codified the slum clearance policy of
the 1937 Federal Housing act. It also stipulated that communities were required to
give preference for public housing units to families displaced by urban renewal. These
changes – a lower income threshold and the need to those displaced by slum clearance -
meant that the populations of housing projects began to shift from white families to
families of color. Nadel's photographic documentation begins at this early post-war
moment when the demographics of Los Angeles public housing was beginning to shift.
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The bulk of the subseries comprises negatives, contact prints, annotated envelopes,
and notes produced by Nadel as a documentary photographer for HACLA. From aerial and
panoramic views to close-range shots, Nadel documented not only the physical
environment and buildings, but also their inhabitants. A good portion of the material
focuses on individual families or tenants, affording a very personal portrait of slum
and project life in post-war Los Angeles. In addition to documentation of public
housing projects such as Avalon Gardens, Ramona Gardens, Basilone Homes, and the
unrealized Elysian Park Heights project, the subseries also contains extensive
documentation of Los Angeles slum areas, particularly those near downtown.
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Among the other HACLA-related material is a copy of There's
Nothing Sentimental About Your Cash Register, which consolidates HACLA's
8th, 9th, and 10th annual reports with accompanying photographs, and a copy of And Ten Thousand More, the 1949 University of Southern
California student film produced for HACLA. Also included is a small amount of
material related to Frank Wilkinson, the assistant director of HACLA; planning
meetings of city officials and architects, including Richard Neutra, Robert Alexander,
and Lloyd Wright; tours; hearings; and conferences. See Series II for Nadel's
extensive documentation of the Pueblo del Rio and Aliso Village projects.
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Arrangement |
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Arrangement is chronological by project or topic, with obviously related material,
mostly undated, occasionally included in a grouping. Nadel's original grouping of
material within each envelope is retained. The envelopes often contain a mixture of
subjects and projects, and each group is therefore classified according to the
preponderance of the visual materials contained within it. However, the notes on these
envelopes and the accompanying note cards do not always reflect the subject matter of
the negatives and prints contained in them.
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| box |
folder |
| 13 |
1 |
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The 8th, 9th, and 10th consolidated annual report of the Housing Authority
of Los Angeles, 1948
1
reports
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Spiral-bound annual report titled There's Nothing
Sentimental about your Cash Register. Research by Los Angeles City
Planning Commission and Los Angeles City Health Department. Photographs by Leonard
Nadel, Thomas Barnett, Helen Brush, Los Angeles Daily
News, Gene Daniels, Tyler Redd, Julius Shulman, Spence Air Photos, and
Louis Clyde Stoumen.
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| box |
folder |
| 14 |
1 |
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And Ten Thousand More, 1949
1
item
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And Ten Thousand More
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The title of the film And Ten Thousand More refers
to the number of new housing units that were needed in Los Angeles when the film was
made in 1951. It was produced by HACLA as an argument for the financing of
low-income public housing. The storyline records a newspaper reporter's visits to
the slums in central Los Angeles and contrasts the conditions he finds there with
those of the city's pre–World War II era housing projects. Directors/Producers:
Algernon G. Walker, Gene Petersen. Narrator: Chet Huntley. Cast: Harold C.
Hillhouse.
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The original [?] film was reformatted as a vidoecassette in 1997. Videocassette
labeled: University of Southern California Student Film And
Ten Thousand More (1949) First Amendment Foundation. Narrated by Chet
Huntley. Edited by Edward Lybeck and Frank Wilkinson.
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Slums, 1948-1952,
undated
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Includes extensive documentation of slum areas in and near downtown Los Angeles,
often by specific street address. Note cards include information regarding names of
occupants, family composition, wages earned, rents paid, and living conditions.
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
1 |
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Mixed use areas (industrial and housing), 1948 August
31
items
(30 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Views of housing in downtown Los Angeles, housing situated in close proximity to
construction zones and industrial areas, and possibly scenes in Chávez Ravine. On
envelope: Chávez Ravine / Industrial congestion / (Housing report).
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| 1 |
2 |
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Tent living on Rose Hill, 1948 October
14
13
items
(11 negatives, 1 envelope, 1 note
card)
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Documents the homes of the Perea (2701 Amethyst St.), and Allman (4000 Amethyst
St.) families. On envelope: Slums - tents (Rose Hill).
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| 1 |
3 |
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219 N. Olive St., 1948 October
21
6
items
(5 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Exterior, interior, bedroom, kitchen, and inhabitants. |
| 1 |
4 |
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Burned out housing, circa
1948
5
items
(4 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Includes one interior scene with a woman and girl washing. On envelope: Fire
(housing).
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| 1 |
5 |
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Chaney family, Hewitt St., 1950 April
21
2
items
(1 negative, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
6 |
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Fickett Hollow slums, 1950 July
22
7
items
(3 negatives, 3 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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Fickett Hollow area of Boyle Heights. Also includes a view of tenements behind
City Hall.
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Aliso St., 1952 |
| box |
folder |
| 1 |
7 |
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Demolition progress, 1952 June
2
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
8 |
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Children, Aliso Alley, 1952 July
15
3
items
(1 print, 1 negative, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
9 |
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Fire, Aliso, 1952 September
12
6
items
(3 negatives, 2 prints, 1
envelope)
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Firefighters putting out a fire. |
| 1 |
10 |
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205 N. Flower, 1952 June
9
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
11 |
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Ord St. near City Hall, 1952 June
12
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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Mission Road 1952 |
| box |
folder |
| 1 |
12 |
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Mission Rd., 1952 July
23
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
13 |
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319 N. Mission Rd., 1952 August
22
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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Rehabilitating housing. |
| 1 |
14 |
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Seventh and Mateo streets, 1952 August
22
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
15 |
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Seventh and Mateo and W. Third and San Pedro streets, 1952 July
17
10
items
(5 negatives, 2 contact prints, 3
envelopes)
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Includes views of Chávez Ravine. On envelope: Chávez (old ones). |
| 1 |
16 |
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730 W. Third St., 1952 July
17
4
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 2
envelopes)
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View of tenement with outhouses. |
| 1 |
17 |
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Bauchet St., 1952 August
22
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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Rear patio with boy standing under laundry lines. |
| 1 |
18 |
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Shacks and outhouse, undated
8
items
(4 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope, 1 note card)
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Shows one- and -two-story housing, an outhouse, and housing demolition. On
envelope: Slums.
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| 1 |
19 |
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Slum house, Bowery, undated
5
items
(4 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Includes views of Jack's Place liquor store and Morning Star Mission
storefronts.
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| 1 |
20 |
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Slums (location unidentifed), undated
20
items
(19 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Public housing projects, 1949,
undated
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Includes photographs of Ramona Gardens, Avalon Gardens, and Basilone Homes for
Veterans.
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Ramona Gardens is an historically Hispanic public housing development in Boyle
Heights. It was designed by Housing Architects Associated (Ralph Flewelling, George
J. Adams, Lloyd Wright, Lewis Eugene Wilson, and Eugene Weston Jr.). Building began
in early 1940 and its first tenants moved in in January, 1941.
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Rose Hill Courts, located at 4446 Florizel St. in Monteceto Heights was originally
built as housing for World War II defense workers and was completed in 1942. After
the war it became public housing.
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Avalon Gardens is located in the Green Medows area of South Los Angeles. Built in
1941 for military families and veterans, it was opened to low income residents in
1947, although units did not become available until the 1950s due to the ongoing
housing shortage.
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Barracks for the US Army Corp of Engineers who were building Hansen Dam in 1940
occupied the site that became the racially integrated Basilone Homes for Veterans
public housing project in Pacoima, which opened in 1947.
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
21 |
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Photo exhibition at Ramona Gardens, 1949 March
7
7
items
(6 negatives, 1
envelope)
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The images depict residents viewing an exhibition of Nadel's (?) work depicting
community life and activities in Ramona Gardens.
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Ramona Gardens is an historically Latino public housing development in Boyle
Heights. It was designed by Housing Architects Associated (Ralph Flewelling,
George J. Adams, Lloyd Wright, Lewis Eugene Wilson, and Eugene Weston Jr.).
Building began in early 1940 and its first tenants moved in in January, 1941.
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| 1 |
22 |
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Rose Hill Courts, Avalon Gardens, undated
13
items
(6 negatives, 5 contact prints, 1
envelope, 1 note card)
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Primarily views of mixed groups of children playing outdoors. |
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Rose Hill Courts, located at 4446 Florizel St. in Monteceto Heights was
originally built as housing for World War II defense workers and was completed in
1942. After the war it became public housing.
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| 1 |
23 |
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Avalon Gardens, undated
10
items
(9 negatives, 1
envelope)
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Depicts an outdoor carnival. Also included is a portrait of Georgia Ferris, a
white girl.
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Avalon Gardens is located in the Green Medows area of South Los Angeles. Built in
1941 for military families and veterans, it was opened to low income residents in
1947, although units did not become available until the 1950s due to the ongoing
housing shortage.
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Veterans housing, 1949,
undated
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
24 |
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Inter-council conference, undated
3
items
(2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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Materials displayed on the walls relate to veterans housing. |
| 1 |
25 |
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Basilone homes, 1949 January
12
18
items
(9 negatives, 8 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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Homes for veterans sign. People playing in the snow. Children making
snowman.
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Barracks for the US Army Corp of Engineers who were building Hansen Dam in 1940
occupied the site that became the racially integrated Basilone Homes for
Veterans public housing project in Pacoima, which opened in 1947.
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Civic Center area, 1950-1951,
undated
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Includes views of downtown Los Angeles's civic buildings and the slums in their
immediate vicinity.
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
26 |
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View of City Hall and Federal Building, 1950 May
1
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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| 1 |
27 |
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Civic Center views, 1951 January
10
21
items
(10 negatives, 10 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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Views of Los Angeles taken from a tower; views of City Hall; and views of the Los
Angeles River.
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| 1 |
28 |
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Demolition, Civic Center, First Street, 1951 July
13
32
items
(16 negatives, 14 contact prints, 2
envelopes)
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| 1 |
29 |
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Tenements near City Hall, undated
4
items
(2 negatives, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
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Exterior views. Includes a view of the Los Angeles River. |
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San Pedro, 1950-1952 |
| box |
folder |
| 1 |
30 |
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Channel Heights, 1950 June
16
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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View of housing with children playing on lawn. |
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The Channel Heights Housing Project was built for defense workers at the port of
San Pedro. It was designed by Richard Neutra in 1942.
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| 1 |
31 |
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Rancho San Pedro grading, 1952 July
24
11
items
(5 negatives, 5 contact prints, 1
envelope)
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S. Mesa to Centre and W. First to Second St. area. |
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Rancho San Pedro was constructed in 1942 for defense workers and was converted to
public housing in 1952.
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Elysian Park Heights project, 1950-1997,
undated
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Elysian Park Heights was HACLA's proposed public housing project meant to replace
the semi-rural, predominantly Mexican-American neighborhoods of La Loma, Palo Verde,
and Bishop and the surrounding hillside grazing lands in Chávez Ravine. In the
nineteenth-century, Chávez Ravine was owned by Julian Chávez, a rancher, landowner,
and local official. A pest house for smallpox sufferers, a Jewish cemetery, and
brick factories were also located in the ravine.
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By 1951, the area was home to over 1,800 families, many of whom owned their own
homes. Yet the ravine's proximity to downtown Los Angeles made it highly desirable
real estate, and a narrative of a poor, "blighted" community was spun by HACLA and
other players who wished to see the area redeveloped. HACLA began acquiring the land
in 1951 through both voluntary sales and the process of eminent domain, and most of
the existing properties were razed between 1952 and 1953.
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The planned public housing development, which would have converted the ravine's
housing from single-family homes to high- and –low-rise apartments and doubled the
number of families living in the area, was designed by Richard Neutra and Robert
Alexander. Yet, with the ravine vacated of most of its residents and original
housing, the tide turned in 1953 when Norris Poulson, an opponent of public housing,
was elected mayor of Los Angeles. Under the claim that public housing was
"un-American," the Elysian Park Heights project was halted before building began.
After an extended struggle over ownership the land was eventually purchased by the
city of Los Angeles under the condition that it be used for a "public purpose." More
years of wrangling over the land's development ensued until finally the definition
of "public purpose" was stretched to include the building of a baseball stadium.
Walter O'Malley, who was looking for a new home for the Brooklyn Dodgers, purchased
Chávez Ravine from the city in 1958, with the land consequently reverting to private
ownership.
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
32 |
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Chávez views, 1950 April-1950
June
54
items
(27 negatives, 22 contact prints, 4
envelopes, 1 note card)
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Views of Chávez Ravine depict the rural nature of the area with animals grazing
on its open hillsides and unpaved roads leading to dense clusters of houses.
Includes views of Bishop Rd. and Effie St., Chávez Ravine Rd. and Lilac Terrace,
and Chávez Ravine Rd. Shot on 23 April, 1 May, and 6 June. Also includes views of
the city from the ravine. For the joined panorama (12-123 a-c) see Box 13, Folder
1.
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| box |
folder |
| 13 |
3 |
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Panoramas, 1950-1997,
undated
13
items
(11 photographic prints, 2
items)
|
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Two two-part panoramic photographs, and a third, single view, and eight small
joined panoramas (comprising two, three, or five photographs). The panoramas
depict the area before and during land grading. Also includes notes by Nadel on
Chávez Ravine and print-outs of Los Angeles Times
articles.
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| box |
folder |
| 1 |
33 |
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Panoramic view of downtown Los Angeles from Elysian Park, circa
1950
10
items
(4 negatives, 4 contact prints, 1
envelope, 1 note card)
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Looking towards City Hall. |
| box |
folder |
| 2 |
1 |
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View of City Hall, circa
1950
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
|
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City Hall seen through palm trees in Chávez Ravine. |
| 2 |
2 |
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Dirt roads, Chávez, 1950 April
21
27
items
(12 negatives, 12 contact prints, 1
envelope, 2 note cards)
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Boys and girls outside and playing street baseball. Includes views of streets
(Effie St. and Brooks Ave., Davis and Curtis streets, Spruce and Effie streets);
houses; and a view of the hill looking towards the city.
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| 2 |
3 |
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Street scenes, 1950 April
23
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
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Children on dirt roads, one image includes a milk truck parked on the side of the
road. On envelope: Chávez Ravine: play areas, children, old man, landscapes, bad
streets.
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| 2 |
4 |
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Sheep grazing, 1950 April 29 and
1950 May 1
20
items
(14 negatives, 3 contact prints, 1
envelope, 2 note cards)
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Views of the hillsides and slopes of Chávez ravine; a shepherd and his sheep; and
two women talking in front of a quonset hut house. Includes negatives for the
seven joined panoramas of the ravine housed in Box 13, Folder 1. On envelope:
Views of Chávez Ravine.
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| 2 |
5 |
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Yolo Dr. and Pine St., circa
1950
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
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Children playing in streets; two girls sitting on the rear bumper of a car. |
| 2 |
6 |
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Robert Alexander with two kids, 1950 August
31
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
|
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Architects' conference on Elysian Park, 1950 |
| box |
folder |
| 2 |
7 |
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Architects' conference, 1950 October
2
46
items
(11 negatives, 33 prints, 1
envelope, 1 note card)
|
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Architects depicted include Richard Neutra, Robert Alexander, Patterson, and
Mr. Cimino from the Development Division.
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| 2 |
8 |
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Chávez architects' conference, 1950
13
items
(12 negatives, 1
envelope)
|
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Participants include: Charles Waldman of HACLA; Reynald Jackson; Mr. Mayer,
Managment Director; Mr. Sweeting, Chief Project Planner; and Mr. Cimino,
Development Division.
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| 2 |
9 |
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Architects, 1950
5
items
(4 negatives, 1
envelope)
|
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Includes Richard Neutra, Robert Alexander, and Cimino. On envelope: Chávez
architect's conference: Neutra, Alex., Cimino.
|
| 2 |
10 |
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Drafting department and development division, 1950 October
2
25
items
(12 negatives, 12 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
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Occupational portraits of Pete Perez, Lou Clerging [?], Jack Thass [?], and Sam
Beckett.
|
| 2 |
11 |
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Personnel, circa
1950
9
items
(8 negatives, 1
envelope)
|
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Portraits of Sid Grun [?], Clinton Arnold, Vicki Alonzo, Gracie, Botsy, Manny,
and Ignacio Lopez.
|
| 2 |
12 |
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Portraits, circa
1950
5
items
(3 negatives, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
|
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Identified on envelope: Rosen, F. W. [Frank Wilkinson], Nadel, Cimino. Also
includes an unidentified woman.
|
| 2 |
13 |
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Panorama of Lookout Mt. area, 1951 December
5
5
items
(3 negatives, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
|
| 2 |
14 |
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Views and meetings, 1952,
undated
32
items
( 21 negatives, 10 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
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Views of the ravine; images from a conference or hearing including speakers,
presenters, an installation shot of a wall display labeled "Growing Pains:
Problems of the Industrial City," and portraits of participants, including a
portrait of Tash Koshida (dated 21 May 1952). Also includes an image of a tenement
near City Hall. No manilla envelope.
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Demolition, 1952 |
| box |
folder |
| 2 |
15 |
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Chávez demolition work, 1952 June 12 and
1952 July 8
7
items
(3 negatives, 3 contact prints,1
envelope)
|
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Curtis St. near Paducah and La Loma streets. |
| 2 |
16 |
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Demolition, fires, and house moving, 1952 June
24
15
items
(7 negatives, 7 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
|
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Includes homes and buildings being demolished, burned, or moved to new
sites.
|
| 2 |
17 |
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Broad views of demolition, 1952 July
8
11
items
(4 negatives, 4 contact prints, 3
envelopes)
|
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Chávez Ravine, view from Curtis St. |
| 2 |
18 |
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Demolition in the ravine, circa
1952
14
items
(13 negatives, 1
envelope)
|
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|
Includes views of slopes with houses, children playing, and a ranchito. On
envelope: Chávez (old ones).
|
| 2 |
19 |
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Mailboxes, 1952 July
8
3
items
(1 negative, 1 contact print, 1
envelope)
|
|
|
|
|
Mabrina [?] and Effie streets. |
| 2 |
20 |
|
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Elysian Park Heights trial, 1952 September
3
17
items
(6 negatives, 5 contact prints, 5
envelopes, 1 note card)
|
|
|
|
|
On envelope: Elysian Garden Trail. Identified on envelope are: Carleton Williams
(Los Angeles Times), Magnus [?] White (Los Angeles Examiner), Welton Weber (Assistant City
District Attorney), and Clara McDonald. Possibly one of the eviction trails for
residents who refused to leave the ravine.
|
| 2 |
21 |
|
|
Mexican dance group at Palo Verde School, undated
34
items
(10 negatives, 22 contact prints, 1
envelope, 1 note card)
|
| 2 |
22 |
|
|
Portrait of an older Black man, undated
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
|
|
|
|
On envelope: Chávez. |
|
|
|
|
|
Frank Wilkinson, 1950-1997,
undated
|
|
|
|
In 1952, Frank Wilkinson, the assistant director of HACLA, was accused by real
estate interests of being a Communist due to his championship of the proposed
Elysian Park Heights housing project. He refused to state his political affiliations
when under oath during hearings related to the matter and was fired from HACLA in
1953. He was a life-long civil liberties activist and a leading opponent of the
House Committee on Un-American Activities.
|
| box |
folder |
| 13 |
2 |
|
|
Correspondence and articles, 1950-1997
10
items
|
|
|
|
|
Letter from Nadel to Edward Roybal. Letter from Clarence R. Johnson to Wilkinson.
Letter from Wilkinson to Evelyn Nadel. Articles by Wilkinson and about
Wilkinson.
|
| 2 |
23 |
|
|
Wilkinson housing tour, undated
18
items
(10 negatives, 7 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
|
|
|
|
Annotations on envelope: NYC housing tour; Wilkinson housing tour. Many images
show Wilkinson surveying and climbing among demolition rubble.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hearings, publicity, 1951-1953 |
| box |
folder |
| 2 |
24 |
|
|
Citizens Against Socialist Housing (CASH) and Mayor's
hearings, circa
1951-1953
27
items
(13 negatives, 13 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
|
|
|
|
CASH was led by Frederick Dockweiler, a lawyer active in Los Angeles and
California political issues, especially as an opponent of public housing
initiatives.
|
|
|
|
|
On envelope: CASH and Mayor's hearings. |
| 2 |
25 |
|
|
Housing Authority campaign (television), 1952 June
2
7
items
(3 negatives, 3 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
| 2 |
26 |
|
|
Protesters picketing public housing, 1952 June
28
5
items
(2 negatives, 2 contact prints, 1
envelope)
|
|
|
|
|
Protesters, primarily women, carrying signs opposing public housing and Mayor
Bowron's policies. On envelope: Protest picketing. Margaret Hess is identified on
the envelope (as one of the protesters?).
|
